GlassWorm has escalated into a multi-stage framework combining remote access trojans (RATs), data theft, and hardware wallet phishing, now leveraging Solana dead drops for C2, a novel browser extension for surveillance, and the Model Context Protocol (MCP) ecosystem. The campaign delivers a .NET binary targeting Ledger and Trezor devices by masquerading as configuration errors and prompting users to input recovery phrases, while a Websocket-based JavaScript RAT exfiltrates browser data and deploys HVNC or SOCKS proxy modules. The malware uses a Google Chrome extension disguised as Google Docs Offline for session surveillance on cryptocurrency platforms like Bybit and harvests extensive browser data.
Recent innovations include a Zig-compiled dropper embedded within an Open VSX extension named 'specstudio.code-wakatime-activity-tracker' masquerading as WakaTime, which installs platform-specific Node.js native addons compiled from Zig code to stealthily infect all IDEs on a developer's machine. This dropper downloads a malicious VS Code extension (.VSIX) named 'floktokbok.autoimport' from an attacker-controlled GitHub account, which impersonates a legitimate extension with over 5 million installs and installs silently across all detected IDEs, avoiding execution on Russian systems and communicating with the Solana blockchain for C2.
A new large-scale social engineering campaign has emerged, distributing fake VS Code security alerts posted in GitHub Discussions to automate posts across thousands of repositories using low-activity accounts, triggering GitHub email notifications with fake vulnerability advisories containing realistic CVE references. Links redirect victims through a cookie-driven chain to drnatashachinn[.]com, where a JavaScript reconnaissance payload profiles targets before delivering additional malicious payloads. This operation represents a coordinated, large-scale effort targeting developers.
GlassWorm remains a persistent supply chain threat impacting npm, PyPI, GitHub, and Open VSX ecosystems. Since its emergence in October 2025, the campaign has evolved from invisible Unicode steganography in VS Code extensions to a sophisticated multi-vector operation spanning 151 compromised GitHub repositories and dozens of malicious npm packages. The threat actor, assessed to be Russian-speaking, continues to avoid infecting Russian-locale systems and leverages Solana blockchain transactions as dead drops for C2 resolution. Recent developments include the ForceMemo offshoot that force-pushes malicious code into Python repositories, the abuse of extensionPack and extensionDependencies for transitive malware delivery, and the introduction of Rust-based implants targeting developer toolchains. Eclipse Foundation and Open VSX have implemented security measures such as token revocation and automated scanning, but the threat actors have repeatedly adapted by rotating infrastructure, obfuscating payloads, and expanding into new ecosystems like MCP servers.
A new wave of the GlassWorm campaign targets the OpenVSX ecosystem with 73 "sleeper" extensions that activate after updates, delivering malware to developers. Six extensions have already been activated, while the remainder remain dormant or suspicious. The campaign leverages thin loaders that fetch secondary VSIX packages or platform-specific modules at runtime, marking a shift in the group's tactics to evade detection by avoiding direct malware embedding in initial uploads. The extensions mimic legitimate listings using identical icons and near-identical names to deceive developers. Developers who installed these extensions are advised to rotate all secrets and perform a full system clean-up.