Privilege Escalation and RCE Flaws Patched in Zoom and Xerox Products

Cisco has released security updates to address a high-severity zero-day vulnerability (CVE-2025-20352) in Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software. The flaw is a stack-based buffer overflow in the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) subsystem, actively exploited in attacks. This vulnerability allows authenticated, remote attackers to cause denial-of-service (DoS) conditions or gain root control of affected systems. The vulnerability impacts all devices with SNMP enabled, including specific Cisco devices running Meraki CS 17 and earlier. Cisco advises customers to upgrade to a fixed software release, specifically Cisco IOS XE Software Release 17.15.4a, to remediate the vulnerability. Temporary mitigation involves limiting SNMP access to trusted users and disabling the affected Object Identifiers (OIDs) on devices. Additionally, Cisco patched 13 other security vulnerabilities, including two with available proof-of-concept exploit code. Cisco also released patches for 14 vulnerabilities in IOS and IOS XE, including eight high-severity vulnerabilities. Proof-of-concept exploit code exists for two of the vulnerabilities, but exploitation is not confirmed. Three additional medium-severity bugs affect Cisco’s SD-WAN vEdge, Access Point, and Wireless Access Point (AP) software.

Libraesva has released an emergency update for its Email Security Gateway (ESG) solution to address a command injection vulnerability (CVE-2025-59689). This flaw, exploited by a state-sponsored actor, allows arbitrary shell command execution via a crafted email attachment. The vulnerability affects all versions from 4.5 onwards and has been patched in versions 5.0.31, 5.1.20, 5.2.31, 5.3.16, 5.4.8, and 5.5.7. The exploit was discovered and patched within 17 hours of detection. The vulnerability is triggered by improper sanitization of compressed archive formats, enabling non-privileged users to execute arbitrary commands. The patch includes a sanitization fix, automated scans for indicators of compromise, and a self-assessment module to verify the update's application. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 6.1, indicating medium severity. Libraesva has identified one confirmed incident of abuse by a foreign hostile state entity. Customers using versions below 5.0 must upgrade manually to a supported release, as they have reached end-of-life and will not receive a patch for CVE-2025-59689.

Microsoft's September 2025 Patch Tuesday addresses 80 vulnerabilities, including one publicly disclosed flaw and eight critical vulnerabilities. The updates fix a range of issues, including privilege escalation, remote code execution, information disclosure, and denial-of-service vulnerabilities. The patches also cover a critical flaw in Azure Networking and address a new lateral movement technique dubbed BitLockMove. Additionally, security updates have been released by multiple vendors, including Adobe, Cisco, Google, and others. The September 2025 update includes 38 elevation of privilege (EoP) vulnerabilities. The two zero-day vulnerabilities are CVE-2025-55234 in Windows SMB Server and CVE-2024-21907 in Microsoft SQL Server. The SMB vulnerability is exploited through relay attacks, while the SQL Server flaw involves improper handling of exceptional conditions in Newtonsoft.Json. The updates also include hardening features for SMB Server to mitigate relay attacks, with recommendations for administrators to enable auditing to assess compatibility issues. The KB5065429 cumulative update for Windows 10 22H2 and 21H2 includes fourteen fixes or changes, addressing unexpected UAC prompts and severe lag and stuttering issues with NDI streaming software. The update enables auditing SMB client compatibility for SMB Server signing and SMB Server EPA, and includes an opt-in feature for administrators to allow outbound network traffic from Windows 10 devices. The September 2025 update includes 38 elevation of privilege (EoP) vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-55234 is an elevation of privilege vulnerability with a CVSS score of 8.8. CVE-2025-54918 in Windows NT LAN Manager (NTLM) is marked as critical and has a CVSS score of 8.8. CVE-2025-54111 and CVE-2025-54913 are EoP vulnerabilities in Windows UI XAML. CVE-2025-55232 in the Microsoft High Performance Compute (HPC) Pack has a CVSS score of 9.8. CVE-2025-54916 in Windows NTFS has a CVSS score of 7.8 and can be exploited through SMB or local parsing routines. Microsoft has released the final non-security preview update for Windows 10, version 22H2, which includes fixes for the out-of-box experience and SMBv1 protocol connectivity. The update improves the servicing stack, updating Windows 10 22H2 systems to build 19045.6396. The update includes fixes and quality improvements from the KB5065429 cumulative update, enabling support for IT administrators to deploy hardening measures for SMB. The update addresses an issue causing non-admin users to receive unexpected User Account Control (UAC) prompts and fixes delays or uneven audio and video performance issues with Network Device Interface (NDI) streaming. Microsoft will stop providing security updates for Windows 10 after October 14, 2025, and the Extended Security Updates (ESU) program is available for Windows 10 users to delay the switch to Windows 11. Individual customers in the European Economic Area (EEA) can enroll in the ESU program for free.

Adobe has patched a critical vulnerability (CVE-2025-54236) in its Commerce and Magento Open Source platforms, dubbed SessionReaper. The flaw, with a CVSS score of 9.1, allows unauthenticated attackers to take control of customer accounts through the Commerce REST API. The patch was released on September 9, 2025, following an emergency notification to selected customers on September 4, 2025. No exploitation in the wild has been reported, but a hotfix leak may have provided threat actors with an advantage. Adobe Commerce on Cloud customers are already protected by a WAF rule. The patch disables certain internal Magento functionalities, potentially affecting custom or external code. The vulnerability impacts multiple versions of Adobe Commerce, Adobe Commerce B2B, and Magento Open Source, as well as the Custom Attributes Serializable module.

Google has released security updates for September 2025 to address 111 vulnerabilities in Android, including two zero-day flaws actively exploited in targeted attacks. The vulnerabilities, CVE-2025-38352 and CVE-2025-48543, allow for local privilege escalation without additional execution privileges or user interaction. The updates include two patch levels, 2025-09-01 and 2025-09-05, to provide flexibility for Android partners. The flaws affect the Linux Kernel and Android Runtime components. Google has not disclosed specific details about the attacks but has acknowledged limited, targeted exploitation. Benoît Sevens of Google's Threat Analysis Group (TAG) discovered the Linux Kernel flaw, suggesting it may have been used in targeted spyware attacks. The updates also address several other vulnerabilities, including remote code execution, privilege escalation, information disclosure, and denial-of-service issues in Framework and System components. The September 2025 update covers Android 13 through 16 and includes fixes for 27 Qualcomm components, bringing the total number of fixed flaws to 111. The September 2025 Android patches address 111 unique CVEs. The Linux kernel vulnerability (CVE-2025-38352) is a race condition related to POSIX CPU timers. The Android Runtime zero-day (CVE-2025-48543) is resolved in the 2025-09-01 security patch level. The 2025-09-05 security patch level fixes the Linux kernel bug and 51 other issues affecting various components. Google rolled out Pixel security updates resolving 23 vulnerabilities specific to Pixel devices. All vulnerabilities in the Android bulletin are resolved with updates to Wear OS, Pixel Watch, and Automotive OS.