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Microsoft released updates for 80 vulnerabilities on September 2025 Patch Tuesday. None of these vulnerabilities were zero-days. The updates address eight critical flaws, including five remote code execution vulnerabilities, one information disclosure, and two elevation of privilege vulnerabilities. The vulnerabilities span various categories: 38 elevation of privilege, 2 security feature bypass, 22 remote code execution, 14 information disclosure, 3 denial of service, and 1 spoofing. One zero-day vulnerability was fixed in Windows SMB Server. The updates also include hardening features for SMB Server to mitigate relay attacks, with recommendations for administrators to enable auditing. The patch includes 38 elevation of privilege vulnerabilities, the highest number among all categories. CVE-2025-54918 is an EoP vulnerability in Windows NT LAN Manager (NTLM) marked as critical. CVE-2025-54111 and CVE-2025-54913 are EoP flaws in Windows UI XAML, allowing privilege escalation via phished credentials or malicious Microsoft Store apps. CVE-2025-55232 is an RCE vulnerability in the Microsoft High Performance Compute (HPC) Pack with a CVSS score of 9.8. CVE-2025-54916 is an RCE vulnerability in Windows NTFS that can be triggered by authenticated users. Microsoft's patch update includes recommendations for preparing for the end-of-life of Windows 10 and mandatory multifactor authentication (MFA) for Azure in October 2025.

SAP has fixed 21 vulnerabilities, including three critical flaws in its NetWeaver software. The most severe, CVE-2025-42944, is an insecure deserialization flaw allowing unauthenticated remote code execution. The second critical flaw, CVE-2025-42922, enables arbitrary file uploads by authenticated users. The third, CVE-2025-42958, allows unauthorized access to sensitive data and administrative functions. The vulnerabilities affect various SAP products, including ERP, CRM, SRM, and SCM, which are widely used in large enterprise networks. The flaws could lead to full system compromise and unauthorized data manipulation. SAP products are frequently targeted by threat actors due to their handling of mission-critical data. A high-severity missing input validation bug in SAP S/4HANA (CVE-2025-42916) could allow an attacker with high privilege access to delete the content of arbitrary database tables. A critical security defect in SAP S/4HANA (CVE-2025-42957) has come under active exploitation in the wild.

A critical command injection vulnerability in SAP S/4HANA (CVE-2025-42957) is being actively exploited in the wild. The flaw, with a CVSS score of 9.9, allows attackers with low-privileged user access to execute arbitrary ABAP code, bypass authorization checks, and fully compromise the SAP environment. This can lead to data theft, fraud, or ransomware installation. The vulnerability affects both on-premise and Private Cloud editions of SAP S/4HANA, as well as several other SAP products and versions. SecurityBridge Threat Research Labs discovered the vulnerability and reported it to SAP on June 27, 2025. The vendor fixed the vulnerability on August 11, 2025, but several systems have not applied the available security updates and are now being targeted by hackers. Exploitation activity surged dramatically after the patch was released. Organizations are advised to apply patches immediately, monitor logs for suspicious activity, and implement additional security measures.

A zero-day vulnerability in FreePBX, identified as CVE-2025-57819, is being actively exploited. The flaw allows unauthenticated access to the FreePBX Administrator, leading to arbitrary database manipulation and remote code execution. The vulnerability affects specific versions of FreePBX, and exploitation began on or before August 21, 2025. Sangoma has released emergency patches for the vulnerability. Users are advised to update to the latest versions, restrict public access to the administrator control panel, and follow additional security recommendations. The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) has added CVE-2025-57819 to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, mandating federal agencies to apply patches by September 19, 2025.

Citrix has released patches for three vulnerabilities in NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway. One of these vulnerabilities, CVE-2025-7775, is actively exploited in the wild. The flaws include memory overflow vulnerabilities and improper access control issues. The vulnerabilities affect specific configurations of NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway, including unsupported, end-of-life versions. Citrix has confirmed active exploitation of CVE-2025-7775, which can lead to remote code execution or denial-of-service. The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) has added CVE-2025-7775 to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, requiring federal agencies to remediate within 48 hours. Nearly 20% of NetScaler assets identified are on unsupported, end-of-life versions, with a significant concentration in North America and the APAC region. CISA lists 10 NetScaler flaws in its KEV catalog, with six discovered in the last two years. Threat actors are using HexStrike AI, an AI-driven security platform, to exploit the Citrix vulnerabilities, significantly reducing the time between disclosure and mass exploitation. HexStrike-AI was created by cybersecurity researcher Muhammad Osama and has been open-source and available on GitHub for the last month, where it has already garnered 1,800 stars and over 400 forks.