NIST updates Security and Privacy Control catalog for improved patch management

Libraesva has released an emergency update for its Email Security Gateway (ESG) solution to address a command injection vulnerability (CVE-2025-59689). This flaw, exploited by a state-sponsored actor, allows arbitrary shell command execution via a crafted email attachment. The vulnerability affects all versions from 4.5 onwards and has been patched in versions 5.0.31, 5.1.20, 5.2.31, 5.3.16, 5.4.8, and 5.5.7. The exploit was discovered and patched within 17 hours of detection. The vulnerability is triggered by improper sanitization of compressed archive formats, enabling non-privileged users to execute arbitrary commands. The patch includes a sanitization fix, automated scans for indicators of compromise, and a self-assessment module to verify the update's application. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 6.1, indicating medium severity. Libraesva has identified one confirmed incident of abuse by a foreign hostile state entity. Customers using versions below 5.0 must upgrade manually to a supported release, as they have reached end-of-life and will not receive a patch for CVE-2025-59689.

GitHub is implementing enhanced security measures to protect the npm ecosystem, including mandatory two-factor authentication (2FA) and short-lived tokens. These changes aim to mitigate supply chain attacks, such as the recent "s1ngularity", "GhostAction", and "Shai-Hulud" attacks, which involved a self-replicating worm and compromised thousands of accounts and private repositories. The measures include granular tokens with a seven-day expiration, trusted publishing using OpenID Connect (OIDC), and automatic generation of provenance attestations for packages. Additionally, GitHub is deprecating legacy tokens and TOTP 2FA, expanding trusted publishing options, and gradually rolling out these changes to minimize disruption. GitHub removed over 500 compromised packages and blocked new packages containing the Shai-Hulud malware's indicators of compromise. The company encourages NPM maintainers to use NPM-trusted publishing and strengthen publishing settings to require 2FA. Ruby Central is also tightening governance of the RubyGems package manager to improve supply-chain protections.

Microsoft's September 2025 Patch Tuesday addresses 80 vulnerabilities, including one publicly disclosed flaw and eight critical vulnerabilities. The updates fix a range of issues, including privilege escalation, remote code execution, information disclosure, and denial-of-service vulnerabilities. The patches also cover a critical flaw in Azure Networking and address a new lateral movement technique dubbed BitLockMove. Additionally, security updates have been released by multiple vendors, including Adobe, Cisco, Google, and others. The September 2025 update includes 38 elevation of privilege (EoP) vulnerabilities. The two zero-day vulnerabilities are CVE-2025-55234 in Windows SMB Server and CVE-2024-21907 in Microsoft SQL Server. The SMB vulnerability is exploited through relay attacks, while the SQL Server flaw involves improper handling of exceptional conditions in Newtonsoft.Json. The updates also include hardening features for SMB Server to mitigate relay attacks, with recommendations for administrators to enable auditing to assess compatibility issues. The KB5065429 cumulative update for Windows 10 22H2 and 21H2 includes fourteen fixes or changes, addressing unexpected UAC prompts and severe lag and stuttering issues with NDI streaming software. The update enables auditing SMB client compatibility for SMB Server signing and SMB Server EPA, and includes an opt-in feature for administrators to allow outbound network traffic from Windows 10 devices. The September 2025 update includes 38 elevation of privilege (EoP) vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-55234 is an elevation of privilege vulnerability with a CVSS score of 8.8. CVE-2025-54918 in Windows NT LAN Manager (NTLM) is marked as critical and has a CVSS score of 8.8. CVE-2025-54111 and CVE-2025-54913 are EoP vulnerabilities in Windows UI XAML. CVE-2025-55232 in the Microsoft High Performance Compute (HPC) Pack has a CVSS score of 9.8. CVE-2025-54916 in Windows NTFS has a CVSS score of 7.8 and can be exploited through SMB or local parsing routines. Microsoft has released the final non-security preview update for Windows 10, version 22H2, which includes fixes for the out-of-box experience and SMBv1 protocol connectivity. The update improves the servicing stack, updating Windows 10 22H2 systems to build 19045.6396. The update includes fixes and quality improvements from the KB5065429 cumulative update, enabling support for IT administrators to deploy hardening measures for SMB. The update addresses an issue causing non-admin users to receive unexpected User Account Control (UAC) prompts and fixes delays or uneven audio and video performance issues with Network Device Interface (NDI) streaming. Microsoft will stop providing security updates for Windows 10 after October 14, 2025, and the Extended Security Updates (ESU) program is available for Windows 10 users to delay the switch to Windows 11. Individual customers in the European Economic Area (EEA) can enroll in the ESU program for free.

SAP has released security updates addressing multiple vulnerabilities, including three critical flaws in NetWeaver and a high-severity issue in S/4HANA. The most severe, CVE-2025-42944, allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via an insecure deserialization vulnerability in the RMI-P4 module. The second critical flaw, CVE-2025-42922, enables authenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files, potentially leading to full system compromise. The third critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-42958, allows unauthorized high-privileged users to access sensitive data and administrative functions. Additionally, a high-severity missing input validation bug in SAP S/4HANA (CVE-2025-42916) was patched, which could permit attackers to delete the content of arbitrary database tables. These vulnerabilities affect SAP NetWeaver, the foundation for various business applications like ERP, CRM, SRM, and SCM, widely deployed in large enterprise networks. The RMI-P4 port, used for internal SAP-to-SAP communication, may be exposed to wider networks due to misconfigurations. SAP products are frequent targets for high-value compromises due to their handling of mission-critical data. Earlier this month, a critical code injection vulnerability (CVE-2025-42957) was exploited in S/4HANA, Business One, and NetWeaver products. SAP has also updated security notes for other high-severity vulnerabilities in Business One, Landscape Transformation Replication Server, and S/4HANA.

Microsoft's August 2025 Patch Tuesday addressed 111 vulnerabilities, including 44 elevation-of-privilege (EoP) flaws and 35 remote code execution (RCE) vulnerabilities. The update also fixed 18 information disclosure flaws, 8 spoofing defects, and 4 denial-of-service issues. Critical issues included EoP bugs in Windows Hyper-V, Microsoft SQL Server, and Azure OpenAI, as well as RCE vulnerabilities in SharePoint and Windows Graphics Component. The update included a fix for CVE-2025-53779, a publicly known Windows Kerberos EoP flaw dubbed BadSuccessor, disclosed in May 2025. The update did not include any actively exploited bugs, marking the second consecutive month without such vulnerabilities. Security experts recommended immediate patching for high-severity issues, especially those in core system components and widely used services like SharePoint and SQL Server. However, the August 2025 security updates caused failures in reset and recovery operations on Windows 10 and older versions of Windows 11. Microsoft released emergency out-of-band updates on August 19, 2025, to resolve this issue. The emergency updates are available as optional updates via Windows Update and Windows Update for Business, or can be downloaded and installed manually from the Microsoft Update Catalog. Additionally, the August 2025 security updates caused severe lag and stuttering issues with NDI streaming software on some Windows 10 and Windows 11 systems. The issues affected applications such as OBS (Open Broadcast Software) and NDI Tools, especially when 'Display Capture' was enabled on the source PC. A temporary workaround involved changing the NDI Receive Mode to use TCP or UDP instead of RUDP. Microsoft resolved a known issue causing Windows upgrades to fail with 0x8007007F errors on some Windows 11 and Windows Server systems. The affected upgrade paths included Windows 10 1809, 21H2, and 22H2 to Windows 11 versions 23H2 and 22H2, and Windows Server 2016 to Windows Server 2019 or 2022, and Windows Server 2019 to Windows Server 2022. The issue was resolved as of August 15, 2025, and users were advised to retry the upgrade process if they encountered the error. The KB5064081 update introduced a new method for displaying CPU usage in Task Manager, standardizing CPU reporting across the application. The update included new Recall features and a redesigned Windows Hello interface. The update addressed an issue that prevented some system recovery features from working properly due to a temporary file sharing conflict. The update fixed an issue in Resilient File System (ReFS) where using backup apps with large files could sometimes exhaust system memory. The update resolved an issue with the Chinese (Simplified) Input Method Editor (IME) where some extended characters appeared as empty boxes. The update addressed an issue that prevented typing on the touch keyboard when using the Microsoft Changjie, Microsoft Bopomofo, or Microsoft Japanese Input Method Editors (IMEs). The update fixed an issue that slowed application installation on ARM64 devices. The update included fixes for audio and video performance issues when using Network Device Interface (NDI) to stream or transfer feeds between PCs. The update was part of the company's optional non-security preview update schedule, which releases updates at the end of each month to test new fixes and features coming to the next month's Patch Tuesday. The KB5065426 and KB5065431 cumulative updates for Windows 11 introduce new features and improvements, including a redesigned Windows Hello interface and enhanced passkey features. The updates include a new Recall feature that opens to a personalized homepage, highlighting recent activity and top-used apps and websites. The updates fix issues with the taskbar preview thumbnail, Search on the taskbar, and the lock screen widgets. The updates introduce a new navigation bar for quick access to Home, Timeline, Feedback, and Settings in the Recall feature. The updates include a new grid view in Search on the taskbar to help users quickly identify desired images. The updates provide clearer status information in Search on the taskbar, including progress notices and file availability status. The updates introduce a new visual experience for the Discover feed on the Widgets Board, including Copilot-curated stories. The updates include a new Windows Backup for Organizations feature, providing enterprise-grade backup and restore capabilities. The updates address an issue with the Microsoft Pluton Cryptographic Provider, resolving error messages in Windows Event Viewer. The updates fix issues with live captions, input methods, and various underlying system components. The September 2025 Windows security update fixed issues caused by the August 2025 updates, which triggered unexpected UAC prompts and app installation problems for non-admin users across all Windows versions. The issue was due to a security patch for CVE-2025-50173, a Windows Installer privilege escalation vulnerability. The September update reduces the scope of UAC prompts for MSI repairs and allows IT admins to disable UAC prompts for specific apps.