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Active Exploitation of Multiple Critical Vulnerabilities in Gladinet and TrioFox

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3 unique sources, 8 articles

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Active exploitation of critical vulnerabilities in Gladinet's CentreStack and Triofox products continues. The zero-day vulnerability, CVE-2025-11371, is an unauthenticated local file inclusion bug that allows unintended disclosure of system files. This flaw affects all versions prior to and including 16.7.10368.56560. The vulnerability has been exploited to retrieve the machine key from the application Web.config file, enabling remote code execution via a ViewState deserialization vulnerability. Three customers have been impacted so far. A patch for the zero-day vulnerability CVE-2025-11371 is now available in CentreStack version 16.10.10408.56683. Users are advised to upgrade to this version or, if upgrading is not possible, disable the "temp" handler within the Web.config file for UploadDownloadProxy to mitigate the risk. The vendor, Gladinet, has been notified and is working on a fix. The vulnerability was detected by researchers at Huntress on September 27, 2025. The flaw was exploited to obtain a machine key and execute code remotely. The attack used an older deserialization vulnerability (CVE-2025-30406) to achieve remote code execution (RCE) through ViewState. The mitigations will impact some functionality of the platform but prevent exploitation of CVE-2025-11371. The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) added CVE-2025-11371 to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog on November 5, 2025, citing evidence of active exploitation. Federal Civilian Executive Branch (FCEB) agencies are required to apply the necessary fixes by November 25, 2025, to secure their networks. Additionally, a new critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-12480 (CVSS score: 9.8), has been discovered in Gladinet's Triofox file-sharing and remote access platform. This flaw allows attackers to bypass authentication and access configuration pages, resulting in the upload and execution of arbitrary payloads. The threat cluster tracked as UNC6485 has been exploiting this flaw since August 24, 2025. The attackers have used the built-in antivirus feature to execute malicious files and set up encrypted tunnels to command-and-control servers, leveraging remote access tools like Zoho Assist and AnyDesk for further exploitation. The vulnerability CVE-2025-12480 was discovered and reported by Mandiant on November 10. The flaw allows an attacker to gain access to initial setup pages even after setup is complete, enabling the upload and execution of arbitrary payloads. The exploitation campaign started on August 14, 2025. The attackers exploited an HTTP Host header vulnerability by spoofing localhost in requests, bypassing access controls to reach the normally restricted AdminDatabase.aspx setup page. The flaw stemmed from missing origin validation and over-reliance on the host header, allowing unauthenticated remote access to critical configuration pages. The attackers logged in using the newly created Admin account and uploaded malicious files to execute them using the built-in anti-virus feature. A new actively exploited vulnerability in Gladinet's CentreStack and Triofox products has been disclosed, stemming from the use of hard-coded cryptographic keys. This flaw affects nine organizations so far. The use of hard-coded cryptographic keys could allow threat actors to decrypt or forge access tickets, enabling them to access sensitive files like web.config that can be exploited to achieve ViewState deserialization and remote code execution. The attacks involve specially crafted URL requests to the "/storage/filesvr.dn" endpoint, with the Username and Password fields left blank, causing the application to fall back to the IIS Application Pool Identity. The timestamp field in the access ticket is set to 9999, creating a ticket that never expires, allowing threat actors to reuse the URL indefinitely to download the server configuration. Organizations using CentreStack and Triofox are advised to update to the latest version, 16.12.10420.56791, released on December 8, 2025, and scan logs for the presence of the string "vghpI7EToZUDIZDdprSubL3mTZ2," which is the encrypted representation of the web.config file path. In the event of indicators of compromise (IoCs), it is imperative to rotate the machine key by generating new keys in the IIS Manager and restarting IIS after repeating the same step for all worker nodes.

Timeline

  1. 11.12.2025 23:49 1 articles · 23h ago

    Attackers exploit hard-coded cryptographic keys in Gladinet products

    The new cryptographic vulnerability in Gladinet's CentreStack and Triofox products stems from the custom implementation of the AES cryptographic algorithm, where the encryption key and Initialization Vector (IV) were hardcoded inside the GladCtrl64.dll file and could be easily obtained. The flaw lies in the processing of the 'filesvr.dn' handler, which decrypts the 't' parameter (Access Ticket) using those static keys. The attackers forged Access Tickets using hardcoded AES keys and setting the timestamp to year 9999, so the ticket never expires. The attackers requested the server’s web.config file, which contains the machineKey, and used it to trigger remote code execution through a ViewState deserialization flaw. The attacking IP address observed in these attacks is 147.124.216[.]205. The flaw was detected by researchers at Huntress, who confirmed nine organizations as of December 10, 2025, from various sectors, including healthcare and technology.

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  2. 11.12.2025 07:56 2 articles · 1d ago

    New vulnerability in Gladinet products due to hard-coded keys

    A new actively exploited vulnerability in Gladinet's CentreStack and Triofox products has been disclosed, stemming from the use of hard-coded cryptographic keys. This flaw has affected nine organizations across various sectors. The use of hard-coded cryptographic keys could allow threat actors to decrypt or forge access tickets, enabling them to access sensitive files like web.config that can be exploited to achieve ViewState deserialization and remote code execution. The attacks involve specially crafted URL requests to the "/storage/filesvr.dn" endpoint, with the Username and Password fields left blank, causing the application to fall back to the IIS Application Pool Identity. The timestamp field in the access ticket is set to 9999, creating a ticket that never expires, allowing threat actors to reuse the URL indefinitely to download the server configuration. The flaw lies in the custom implementation of the AES cryptographic algorithm, where the encryption key and Initialization Vector (IV) were hardcoded inside the GladCtrl64.dll file. The attackers have been observed forging Access Tickets using these hardcoded keys and setting the timestamp to year 9999, making the tickets never expire. This allows them to request the server’s web.config file, which contains the machineKey, and use it to trigger remote code execution through a ViewState deserialization flaw. Organizations using CentreStack and Triofox are advised to update to the latest version, 16.12.10420.56791, released on December 8, 2025, and scan logs for the presence of the string "vghpI7EToZUDIZDdprSubL3mTZ2," which is the encrypted representation of the web.config file path. In the event of indicators of compromise (IoCs), it is imperative to rotate the machine key by generating new keys in the IIS Manager and restarting IIS after repeating the same step for all worker nodes.

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  3. 10.11.2025 22:49 3 articles · 1mo ago

    UNC6485 exploits CVE-2025-12480 to deploy remote access tools

    The threat cluster tracked as UNC6485 has been exploiting the critical vulnerability CVE-2025-12480 in Gladinet's Triofox platform since August 24, 2025. The attackers have used the built-in antivirus feature to execute malicious files and set up encrypted tunnels to command-and-control servers. They have also leveraged remote access tools like Zoho Assist and AnyDesk for further exploitation, including reconnaissance and privilege escalation. The vulnerability CVE-2025-12480 was discovered and reported by Mandiant on November 10. The flaw allows an attacker to gain access to initial setup pages even after setup is complete, enabling the upload and execution of arbitrary payloads. The exploitation campaign started on August 14, 2025. The attackers exploited an HTTP Host header vulnerability by spoofing localhost in requests, bypassing access controls to reach the normally restricted AdminDatabase.aspx setup page. The flaw stemmed from missing origin validation and over-reliance on the host header, allowing unauthenticated remote access to critical configuration pages. The attackers logged in using the newly created Admin account and uploaded malicious files to execute them using the built-in anti-virus feature. A new actively exploited vulnerability in Gladinet's CentreStack and Triofox products has been disclosed, stemming from the use of hard-coded cryptographic keys. This flaw has affected nine organizations across various sectors. The attacks involve specially crafted URL requests to the "/storage/filesvr.dn" endpoint, with the Username and Password fields left blank, causing the application to fall back to the IIS Application Pool Identity. The timestamp field in the access ticket is set to 9999, creating a ticket that never expires, allowing threat actors to reuse the URL indefinitely to download the server configuration.

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  4. 16.10.2025 18:11 4 articles · 1mo ago

    Gladinet releases patch for CVE-2025-11371

    A patch for the zero-day vulnerability CVE-2025-11371 is now available in CentreStack version 16.10.10408.56683. Users are advised to upgrade to this version or, if upgrading is not possible, disable the "temp" handler within the Web.config file for UploadDownloadProxy to mitigate the risk. Additionally, users are advised to update to the latest version of Triofox to address the newly discovered CVE-2025-12480 vulnerability, audit admin accounts, and verify that Triofox's antivirus engine is not configured to execute unauthorized scripts or binaries. Organizations using CentreStack and Triofox are advised to update to the latest version, 16.12.10420.56791, released on December 8, 2025, and scan logs for the presence of the string "vghpI7EToZUDIZDdprSubL3mTZ2," which is the encrypted representation of the web.config file path. In the event of indicators of compromise (IoCs), it is imperative to rotate the machine key by generating new keys in the IIS Manager and restarting IIS after repeating the same step for all worker nodes.

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  5. 10.10.2025 12:34 7 articles · 2mo ago

    Active Exploitation of CVE-2025-11371 in Gladinet and TrioFox

    The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) added CVE-2025-11371 to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog on November 5, 2025, citing evidence of active exploitation. The flaw was detected by Huntress in September 2025 and has been actively exploited to retrieve the machine key from the application Web.config file, enabling remote code execution via a ViewState deserialization vulnerability. Federal Civilian Executive Branch (FCEB) agencies are required to apply the necessary fixes by November 25, 2025, to secure their networks. Additionally, a new critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-12480 (CVSS score: 9.8), has been discovered in Gladinet's Triofox file-sharing and remote access platform. This flaw allows attackers to bypass authentication and access configuration pages, resulting in the upload and execution of arbitrary payloads. The threat cluster tracked as UNC6485 has been exploiting this flaw since August 24, 2025. The attackers have used the built-in antivirus feature to execute malicious files and set up encrypted tunnels to command-and-control servers, leveraging remote access tools like Zoho Assist and AnyDesk for further exploitation. A new actively exploited vulnerability in Gladinet's CentreStack and Triofox products has been disclosed, stemming from the use of hard-coded cryptographic keys. This flaw has affected nine organizations across various sectors. The attacks involve specially crafted URL requests to the "/storage/filesvr.dn" endpoint, with the Username and Password fields left blank, causing the application to fall back to the IIS Application Pool Identity. The timestamp field in the access ticket is set to 9999, creating a ticket that never expires, allowing threat actors to reuse the URL indefinitely to download the server configuration.

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